Schizophrenia - The Demon Inside The Brain Essay - 1839 Words

Schizophrenia – The demon inside the brain I am a big man, in late 30’s, and I have 2 teenagers, a son, and a girl. They are the same age as I was when I saw my cousin Andrew being taken to a mental institution. The thing that happened to him was really sad, and our peers are still talking about it. Everything started when we were 13 years old. I saw Andrew in the school yard, and as usually I headed to him to ask him did he do his homework. But he seemed kind of sad, confused, tired. I asked him if he was ok, he said no. â€Å"Well, what is happening? Are you sick?† â€Å"No, just tired, I haven’t slept in days. I cannot sleep, cannot eat.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because of the noise, it’s driving me mad, how do you deal with it?† â€Å"What noise?† â€Å"The noise in my head? How do you mean –what noise- I thought everybody hears it†? I decided to call his parents. I didn’t saw him for few days and then, one day, he showed up to school again. He said he is fine now and he didn’t want to talk about it anymore. Days passed by and I wasn’t thinking about that anymore, I was at that age when girls were my priority thing to think about. Until one day†¦ I saw my cousin running through the school hall and screaming â€Å"Don’t touch me please, just don’t touch me†. I wanted to run after him but my friends stopped me and they said: â€Å"No, don’t you know he is ill?† My cousin ill? What happened to him? How didn t I know that? I asked my friends how do they know and they said that they overheard the conversation betweenShow MoreRelatedMental Illness: The Main Symptoms of Schizophrenia 1546 Words   |  7 Pagesthe stigma behind mental illness. Mental illness ranges anywhere from extremely mild cases to some of the more severe illness such as schizophrenia (Brown, Kaylene; Bradley, Loretta J. 2002). Schizophrenia is a mental illness, which affects one percent of the American population. 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Bipolar disorder was first noticed in the second century, during this time people who had symptoms of a mental illness were executed because the church believed these people were possessed by demons. As the years went by slowly people started to understand, as a physician and philosopher named Aretaeus of Cappadocia who had recognized the symptoms of depression and mania ad linked them together. His findings didn’t become known until 1650 becauseRead MoreSuicide And The Effects On Their Families1648 Words   |  7 Pagesno real reason why any one does it. Most people that commit suicide is fighting a very big demon inside of them. Usually it’s depression, depression is a very very bad disease. People don’t think of depression as a disease, if you don’t understand how depression works or if you don’t suffer from it yourself then you don’t know what it’s like for the ones of us who do have depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, or any othe r major mental disorders. Friends: When you re at this point in your life youRead MoreThe Causes, Treatments And Overall Knowledge Of Those With Schizophernia3235 Words   |  13 Pagesnot certain as it’s hard to pinpoint one aspect that leads others in the probability of having Schizophernia. Although we have evidence to show that both uncontrollable and controllable aspects of life come together to possibly form it. Genetics, Brain structure and function, and environmental factors are the main players in causing Schizophernia. By focusing on these causes, and looking at two specific ways to treat these causes, cognitive behavior therapy and antipsychotic medication. Studies wereRead MoreStigma Against Individuals with Mental Illness2913 Words   |  12 Pagesmental illness makes people not want to get treated for their illnesses. In fact, forty percent of Americans suffering from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are not receiving treatment. Mental illness is as real as cancer and does not discrim inate. Anyone can have mental illness or develop it. Essentially, mental illness is just â€Å"faulty wiring.. in the brain† (Siegfried). According to a survey done by Madeline Connell, only three percent of those surveyed said they had no close friends or family withRead More Schizophrenia Essay1841 Words   |  8 Pagespattern of thinking. Often I have always thought that people don’t use their imagination as much as I do. I have always been into the darker side of life, watching horror movies and listening to heavy metal etc. Obviously this is all fantasy though; demons aren’t really going to rip me to pieces like in the movies. Some people can’t differentiate reality from fantasy though. I know in my head that I am able to think like most psychopaths but I am able to tell the difference between right and wrong.Read MoreIs Anorexia Nervosa a Mental Disorder?1753 Words   |  7 Pagesextreme turbulence in a BiPolar patients brain. No specific trigger is known for why BiPolar sufferers develop Anorexia because there are way too many emotions, both high and low, inside their minds. It is very common though for one with BiPolar Disorder to become Anorexic and it is usually very arduous to treat an Anorexic patient with BiPolar Disorder. Schizophrenia is another disorder that has been known to cause Anorexia. Those who have Schizophrenia tend to not be in their right mind at allRead MoreCausation of Serial Killers Essay2039 Words   |  9 Pagesknow it’s not very Christian, but I actually think its demons within me† (Wenzl et al. 308). Dennis Rader, infamously known as BTK, commented about what he called his â€Å"factor X† above, which he claimed was his motive for killing. The demons within Rader supposedly caused him to murder four members from the Otero Family leaving the youngest daughter hanging in the basement nearly naked and gagged (Wenzl et al. 10). 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Empathy A Multi Dimensional Psychological Process

Empathy has been suggested to be a multi-dimensional psychological process (Zaki Ochsner, 2012) that involves related, yet separate, cognitive and affective empathetic systems such as affective sharing, perspective-taking, and cognitive appraisal (Hein Singer, 2008; Lamm et al., 2007; Olsson Ochsner, 2008). These empathetic processes rely on both bottom-up and top-down processes, where the former is stimuli driven (e.g., observing facial expressions), and the latter includes the observer’s knowledge, experiences, and beliefs about the observed state (Goubert et al., 2005). Two main components of empathy have been proposed: affective empathy (AE) and cognitive empathy (CE) (e.g., Decety Meyer, 2008; Fan et al., 2011; Mathur, Harada, Lipke, Chiao, 2010). AE is said to be the most basic form of empathy and is most commonly known as empathic concern (Preston de Waal, 2002). It refers to the indirect sharing of another’s emotional state, though not necessarily identica l (Smith, 2006); and is also a response involving emotion recognition skills and emotional reactivity (Tone Tully, 2014). Affective empathetic responses have been found to be an automatic, instinctive, and unconscious process (Belzung, 2014; Chartrand Bargh, 1999; Dimberg Thunberg, 1998; Dimberg, Thunberg, Elmehed, 2000; Han, Fan, Mao, 2008). On the other hand, CE is seen to be a more complex form of empathy (Shamay-Tsoory, Aharon-Peretz, Perry, 2009). It refers to the mental capacity toShow MoreRelatedAn Exploration of the Components of Service Quality1473 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintenance firm, several retail banks, a long-distance telephone provider, a securities broker, and credit card companies. ERVQUAL is a 22-item scale which measures service quality from five perspectives; reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles (Parasuraman et al, 1988). 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In mental health, recovery does not always refer to the process of complete recovery compared to the way we may recover from a physical health problem (Mental Health Foundation, 2015). My area of practi ce a Forensic mental health setting which predominantly focuses on â€Å"recovery† and rehabilitation to help the

Night Creature Crescent Moon Chapter 37 Free Essays

Dizziness washed over me and I swayed. â€Å"What – ? Who – ? How – ?† Adam rushed to the enclosure, saw the lock, and turned. â€Å"The key. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 37 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † I was having trouble breathing, so I sat down and put my head between my legs. After a few minutes, the black dots receded. When I glanced up, two men, so alike in appearance and yet so different, stared back. Now that they stood together, how could I have thought they were the same? One look into their eyes and I saw the difference. The Adam in the cage was evil; the one who’d brought me here was not. â€Å"Twins?† I asked. They shook their heads, and their hair swirled around their shoulders. â€Å"My great-great†¦ well, several-greats-grandfather.† The Adam outside the cage jerked a thumb toward the one inside. â€Å"Henri Ruelle.† The naked man bowed. â€Å"The picture,† I murmured. Henri smirked. I hated that smirk. â€Å"Obviously taken before you became a loup-garou.† Considering my trouble photographing them. â€Å"Obviously,† Henri returned. â€Å"Why would you leave it on the wall where anyone could see?† â€Å"I only wanted you to see.† â€Å"Grandpere likes to confuse people.† He’d confused me all right. I returned my attention to Adam. â€Å"You said your family wasn’t cursed.† â€Å"No. I said, ‘Some say we are.'† â€Å"I specifically asked if you’d been cursed to run as a wolf beneath the crescent moon.† â€Å"I’m not.† â€Å"You look so much alike.† I stared at Adam. â€Å"Couldn’t you at least cut your hair? Make some distinction?† â€Å"The better to protect me, my dear,† Henri said. I glanced at him, then back at Adam. â€Å"You protect it?† â€Å"Hey!† Henri protested. â€Å"There will always be a loup-garou of Ruelle blood. If Grandpere dies, the next Ruelle male becomes the beast† â€Å"You.† He nodded. â€Å"Then Luc.† So many things were starting to make sense. â€Å"Your father and grandfather?† â€Å"They couldn’t bear knowing what they might become.† â€Å"Pussies,† Henri spat. â€Å"Who did you piss off?† I demanded. â€Å"I didn’t know she was a voodoo queen. She was – † Henri shrugged. â€Å"A slave. I wanted her; I took her.† â€Å"You raped her?† â€Å"No.† Confusion flickered over his face. â€Å"She was mine. I never understood what she was so angry about.† I rubbed between my eyes. â€Å"Why didn’t she just turn him into a bug and squash him?† â€Å"Too easy,† Adam murmured. â€Å"Dismemberment would have been too easy.† â€Å"She called on the moon goddess to make me a beast† I lifted my head. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Queen of heavens, mother of creatures, lady of de wild, patron goddess of de outlaw werewolf, the instant I heard your name, deesse de la lune, I knew you were here forme.† I glanced at Adam, who shrugged. â€Å"He’s been obsessed with you from de beginning, but he couldn’t figure out if you were here to help or hurt him.† â€Å"Diana is a huntress,† Henri continued. â€Å"You rule all dark forests; you command de moon. Queen of witches, daughter of Satan.† â€Å"I think you’ve got the wrong Diana.† â€Å"I’m cursed by a woman who calls on a moon goddess, then you show up? How can that be a coincidence?† â€Å"It’s a hundred and fifty years later!† I shouted. â€Å"Time means nothing to me.† I suppose after the first century, that’s true. â€Å"Listen,† I said. â€Å"My name is just a name. It was my grandmother’s, and you can bet your everlasting life she wasn’t a moon goddess.† â€Å"Did you come here to make me stronger, to be at my side until we ruled the world?† Henri asked. Did this guy listen! â€Å"I don’t think so.† â€Å"Then you came to cure me, and you have to die.† â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"The one thing Grandpere fears is being cured. He likes what he is. He doesn’t want to go back to the way he was.† â€Å"In life I was at de mercy of forces I could not change – weather, government, stock market, death. Now everyone is at de mercy of me. Like this, I’ll never be hungry or poor again.† I looked at Adam. â€Å"I thought you were poor now.† â€Å"I want none of his money.† Couldn’t say I blamed him. â€Å"I can understand cursing Henri,† I said, â€Å"but why the entire line?† â€Å"Curses are funny that way,† Adam said. â€Å"They tend to hang around for more than a generation.† â€Å"You’re certain killing him will curse you?† ‘I can’t kill him and find out!† Adam shoved a hand through his hair. â€Å"I’ve spoken with voodoo experts; they all say de same thing. A curse like this is on every Ruelle born until de curse is lifted. And that I don’t know how to do. No one does.† â€Å"So what, exactly, is the curse?† â€Å"He is an evil, soulless thing. A selfish prick who cares only for himself.† â€Å"Wasn’t he that already?† ‘I didn’t know him before,† Adam shrugged, â€Å"but most likely.† â€Å"I’m right here,† Henri muttered. â€Å"Under de crescent moon he runs as a wolf,† Adam continued as if Henri hadn’t spoken. â€Å"He murders de innocent and creates more werewolves.† â€Å"Like Charlie.† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"He told me he has to change under the crescent moon.† â€Å"He does. Many more nights of being a beast that way.† â€Å"A blessing, not a curse, if you ask me,† Henri said. â€Å"I like to kill.† â€Å"We didn’t ask you,† I snapped. God, he was annoying. Something occurred to me. â€Å"I saw Charlie under a half-moon.† â€Å"Charlie was a werewolf; Grandpere is a loup-garou.† â€Å"My head hurts.† Adam’s mourn tightened. â€Å"Grandpere wasn’t bitten; he was cursed. Those he bites rise and run as wolves within twenty-four hours – day, night, doesn’t matter. After that, only de full moon compels them to shift. Under any other, it is their choice.† Which made as much sense as anything else around here. â€Å"What about him?† I jerked my thumb toward the cage. â€Å"When the moon isn’t a crescent?† â€Å"He’s a man – or as much of a man as he can claim to be.† â€Å"Sounds like less of a curse.† â€Å"The longer he’s in human form, de more violent he becomes when de wolf is upon him.† I scowled at Henri, who shrugged and examined his fingernails. I considered all that I knew and all I did not â€Å"When did you find out about the curse?’ I asked. â€Å"Luc’s first birthday.† His face softened. â€Å"Family tradition. By then you’re in love with de boy. You’d do anything to protect him.† â€Å"I couldn’t find a record of Luc’s birth,† I said. Adam cast Henri a suspicious glance, and Henri shrugged. â€Å"Less people know of us, de better.† â€Å"Once your father told you the truth,† I continued, â€Å"he killed himself?† Sadness flickered over Adam’s face as he nodded. â€Å"I was old enough to watch over Grandpere, and by then I’d had Special Forces training. Didn’t know I’d need it for this.† â€Å"Your father left you alone to raise your son, protect that thing, and find a cure? He couldn’t stick around to help?† â€Å"Knowing what was to come preyed on his mind, drove him over de edge.† I got the feeling Adam was talking as much about himself as his dad. â€Å"When I was a boy he would be gone certain nights and come home beat to hell. He was a gentle man, a scholar. He didn’t know how to fight; he had no idea how to counteract evil and violence.† Henri snorted but refrained from comment for a change. â€Å"Your mother?† â€Å"She left the instant she knew the truth.† I tilted my head, and Adam looked away, refusing to meet my eyes. No wonder he’d been so worried I’d leave him and Luc behind. Every other woman in his life had. â€Å"My father asked me to enlist,† he continued. â€Å"I’d always been fascinated with weapons, interested in military history; I believed he wanted me to be happy. Later I understood he wanted me trained to do de family dirty work better than he had been.† â€Å"You plan on taking the easy way out when Luc’s old enough to protect that monster?† â€Å"I’d let de curse fall to me before I’d leave him to suffer.† â€Å"You’ll like it,† Henri whispered. â€Å"You’ll see. The power is exhilarating. With one stroke you can kill or impart life everlasting.† ‘Unless someone has a silver bullet,† Adam snapped. â€Å"So few do.† â€Å"Wait a minute,† I said. â€Å"Doesn’t everyone he kills rise again?† â€Å"No, thank God, or we’d be overrun. If he kills but doesn’t drink their blood or eat their flesh, they become a werewolf. If he partakes of de kill, they’re just dead.† â€Å"I do so love when they beg for their life,† Henri murmured. â€Å"I usually give it to them.† â€Å"Shut up, old man,† Adam said. The incongruity of calling someone who didn’t appear a day over thirty â€Å"old man† made me giggle. Hysteria was obviously not far behind. I swallowed the inappropriate laughter and tried to focus. â€Å"Why are there no Ruelle girls?† â€Å"What?† Adam blinked at the sudden change in subject. â€Å"No girls born for over a century. I checked.† â€Å"De curse. Grandpere’s voodoo queen wanted only men to suffer. I don’t think she cared too much for them.† â€Å"I can’t imagine why.† Henri grabbed the bars and rattled his cage. â€Å"Let me out!† â€Å"Not so fast,† Adam said. â€Å"You will leave her alone.† Henri’s gaze flicked to me. â€Å"What if she tries to kill me? Will you protect me then, Petit-fils? Will you trust her with your soul? What about de boy’s?† ‘If she meant to kill you, Grandpere, I’d be dead. She thought I was you.† Henri frowned. I didn’t think he was the brightest star in the sky. Or should I say the fullest moon on the calendar? â€Å"True,† he agreed. â€Å"She’d have slipped a silver knife between your ribs while you were doing her. That’s always de best time.† â€Å"You two seem to have me confused with someone else,† I murmured. â€Å"A psychopathic serial killer perhaps?† â€Å"But if she doesn’t want to kill me – â€Å" â€Å"I didn’t at first, but now that I’ve met you I’ve changed my mind.† â€Å"Diana – † Adam began, but Henri interrupted: â€Å"What do you want?† â€Å"To prove a werewolf exists and show it to the world.† â€Å"That isn’t going to happen.† Henri glanced at Adam. â€Å"Right?† Adam sighed. â€Å"Right† He let his head fall forward, and his hair sifted over his face. I stood, resisting the urge to shove it back. He lifted his gaze. â€Å"I need de key.† â€Å"He wants to kill me, or maybe screw me – â€Å" â€Å"How about both?† Henri whispered. â€Å"Why you think I said I’d be your guide?† Adam demanded. â€Å"I wasn’t going to let him hurt you. I still won’t† Sadness filtered through me. Adam hadn’t hung around because of my charms – no kidding – but because he’d wanted to make certain Henri didn’t tear out my throat or worse. And what better way to get close than to pretend he wanted to sleep with me and then do so? I’d been right: This wasn’t love. It wasn’t even lust, just duty. Voices floated on the still morning air, startling us all. â€Å"Frank,† I muttered. How had he gotten here so fast? â€Å"Hurry up,† Henri snapped. â€Å"I have to let him go, Diana.† Adam’s gaze captured mine. â€Å"If they don’t kill him here, they’ll dissect him somewhere else. If he dies and I’m possessed, there’ll be no one to care for Luc.† â€Å"You think Henri should be free to kill people?† â€Å"I do my best to contain him. And I spend de nights he can’t shift eliminating those he’s made.† My eyes widened. â€Å"You shot Charlie.† Adam nodded. There was a shout, much closer, and Adam held out his hand. â€Å"Please.† I looked into his eyes, saw the shadows and the pain. I also saw his fear, his need, and his son. I gave him the key. How to cite Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 37, Essay examples

World Wide Recycling free essay sample

World Wide Recycling What do you recycle? At my house we recycle almost everything. We recycle cardboard, cans, newspaper, paper bags, and plastic bags. A lot of Americans today don’t recycle even if they should. I don’t understand why they don’t start recycling, even after all of the facts that have came out about the o-zone layer and pollution and how we are running out of our resources. If people really understood what was going to happen, I still don’t think that they would recycle. So I ask you, do you recycle? It’s clear that there are a lot of people who are aware of the effects that recycling has on the Earth, but they still choose not to care. Most people in America get the newspaper everyday and many of them just throw it away when they are done reading it. Did you know that it is like throwing away 500,000 trees everyday? Most everybody that doesn’t recycle has an excuse. We will write a custom essay sample on World Wide Recycling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like one person’s excuse would be that it takes too much effort to go collect and sort out all of their trash. Well that’s just the lazy way out and I think that if you set up separate boxes for different recyclables then it would be easy. Did you know that it is a proven fact from â€Å"http://members.aol.com/ramola15/funfacts.html† that the average person throws away 1,609 pounds of trash every year? Also that the U.S. is the number one country for producing trash. That is terrible! Another excuse that people have is that they don’t think that what they do on an average day impacts the earth. But really it does and I don’t think that there is any way possible that you couldn’t impact the Earth on a daily basis. If you have a car or any machine that runs on gas, then you are affecting the world every time you use that. A lot of people just don’t take the time to think about what they are doing. If everybody recycled one plastic bottle every day, the Earth would be such a better place. So all of you people that say there is no need to recycle and that we are fine the way we are, need to think again. It’s not that hard to figure out that we are headed downhill fast. If people arent going to be responsible enough, then I think that we need to make a law that says that everybody has to recycle. If we recycled our paper that we use at school it could save 380 gallons of oil per ton of paper. Says â€Å"http://members.aol.com/ramola15/funfacts.html.† That is a lot of oil and with the price of oil today, I think that we would want to save as much as we could. I mean think about it! How hard is it to put your old papers into a recycling bin, it’s not that difficult to do. The school that I’m at recycles everything. We recycle paper, cardboard, and bottles. I think that if everybody took the initiative that our world would be a better place. Also every year we make enough film for cooking to shrink wrap Texas! That is a ton of plastic that is used. I mean my mom bakes all the time and uses shrink wrap; I would have never thought that that could have such an affect on the Earth. Also, did you know that Americans throw away enough glass bottles every week to fill the former WTC’s towers? That is terrible because glass can be recycled forever. Think about it like this, if we don’t start recycling paper then the trees that produce our oxygen are going to start to go extinct. We eventually arent going to have any oxygen. I’m glad that you read my essay and I hope that some of the things that I have said sunk in. Recycling is a really big deal that needs to be dealt with on a worldwide basis. So next time you go out to throw something away, think about if it can be recycled or not.

What is Culture Essay Example For Students

What is Culture Essay With a diverse population existing in the United States today, our country is a melting pot of different cultures, each one unique in its own respect. Culture, distinguishing one societal group from another, includes beliefs, behaviors, language, traditions, art, fashion styles, food, religion, politics, and economic systems. Through lifelong and ever changing processes of learning, creativity, and sharing, culture shapes our patterns of behavior and thinking. A culture’s significance is so profound that it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. â€Å"Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us† (Henslin, 1993). We will write a custom essay on What is Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Trying to define the complex term of culture with varying elements of distinguishable characteristics is a difficult task. Perhaps, a description of a culture would be easier to explain. For instance, an Iranian woman has just appeared in your office for services and it is immediately evident that her culture is very different than yours. First, her dark colored clothing covers her entire body from head to toe, including a black veil over her face. Secondly, as she speaks, a cultural difference is detected in both, her language and gestures. Her accent and the non-visible facial expressions create a barrier for comprehending the communication. Later, as the service for the woman progresses, her beliefs, values, and norms of her culture are dispelled. For example, in order for the woman to show her face to another male in public, she must first request permission from her husband to unveil. During further discussion, it becomes even more apparent, that this Iranian woman is subservien t and possesses a lower level of status than that of Iranian males. All of these characteristics are indicative of this woman’s culture. As conveyed in the above description, the characteristics represent the unique symbols of one’s culture. Symbols, in representative form of communication, art, expressions, materials, and so on, allow a cultural group to develop complex thoughts and to exchange those thoughts with each other. Through the exchanging of symbols, one’s cultural ideas, beliefs, and values, are passed on from one generation to the next. People are not born with culture; they have to learn it. Throughout the development of the entire life span, culture is learned from the society in which we live. Furthermore, in the diverse population of the United States, ethnic groups or societies will have to interact with other groups outside the realm of their individual self. In order to do so, it is necessary for the societies to exchange languages, ideas, or even, technology. In addition, the changing environments of the world population requires a need for cultural adaptation for basic survival. For example, a move from the United States, where basic resources are plentiful, to Russia, where the resources are scarce, would force an adaptation to the cultural differences in order to develop a new lifestyle.In conclusion, culture defines who we are, how we think, and how we behave. Some kinds of culture are include better means of making life securer than others. Cultural traits that offer some advantages, utility, or even pl easures are sought and accepted by societies. According to a prominent anthropologist, â€Å"Culture is contagious.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"A culture is a means to an end: the security and continuity of life.† (Britannica.com, p.12).Henslin, J. (1993). Sociology: a down to earth approach. Needham Heights: Simon Schuster, Inc. Introduction to culture. Britannica Encyclopedia. Retrieved Sept. 8, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.britannica.com/bcom/ed/article/6/0,5716,118246+12+109857,00.htmlBibliography:

Standard Conditions Versus Standard State

Standard Conditions Versus Standard State Standard conditions, or STP, and standard state both are used in scientific calculations, but they dont always mean the same thing. Key Takeaways: Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) vs Standard State Both STP and standard state conditions are commonly used for scientific calculations.STP stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure. It is defined to be  273 K (0 degrees Celsius) and 1 atm pressure (or 105  Pa).The definition of standard state conditions specifies 1 atm of pressure, that liquids and gases be pure, and that solutions be at 1 M concentration. Temperature is not specified, although most tables compile data at  25 degrees C (298 K).STP is used for calculations involving gases that approximate ideal gases.Standard conditions are used for any thermodynamic calculation.Values cited for STP and standard conditions are based on ideal conditions, so they may deviate slightly from experimental values. STP is short for Standard Temperature and Pressure, which is defined to be 273 K (0 degrees Celsius) and 1 atm pressure (or 105 Pa). STP describes standard conditions and is often used for measuring gas density and volume using the Ideal Gas Law. Here, 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 L. An older definition used atmospheres for pressure, while modern calculations are for pascals. Standard state conditions are used for thermodynamic calculations. Several conditions are specified for the standard state: The standard state temperature is 25 degrees C (298 K). Note that temperature is not specified for standard state conditions, but most tables are compiled for this temperature.All gases are at 1 atm pressure.All liquids and gases are pure.All solutions are at 1M concentration.The energy of formation of an element in its normal state is defined as zero. Standard state calculations may be performed at another temperature, most commonly 273 K (0 degrees Celsius), so standard state calculations may be performed at STP. However, unless specified, assume standard state refers to the higher temperature. Standard Conditions Versus STP Both STP and standard state specify a gas pressure of 1 atmosphere. However, the standard state isnt usually at the same temperature as STP. The standard state also includes several additional restrictions. STP, SATP, and NTP While STP is useful for calculations, its not practical for most lab experiments because they arent usually conducted at  0 degrees C. SATP may be used, which means Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure. SATP is at 25 degrees C (298.15 K) and 101 kPa (essentially 1 atmosphere, 0.997 atm). Another standard is NTP, which stands for Normal Temperature and Pressure. This is defined for air at  20 degrees C (293.15 K, 68 degrees F) and 1 atm. There is also ISA, or International Standard Atmosphere, which is  101.325 kPa, 15 degrees C and 0 percent humidity, and ICAO Standard Atmosphere, which is atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg and a temperature of  5 degrees C (288.15 K or 59 degrees F). Which One to Use? Usually, the standard you use is either the one for which you can find data, the one closest to your actual conditions or the one required for a specific discipline. Remember, the standards are close to actual values, but wont exactly match real conditions.

Stock Market Anomalies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stock Market Anomalies - Essay Example In finance, anomalies are market activities not in agreement with the forecasting of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). In detail, these anomalies seem to breach premises of mean-variance ratio or no-arbitrage. If a multifarious adaptive scheme approach better depicts markets, the supposed anomalies investigators have keyed out may not be abnormal after all. The modern EMH model can be summed up in the "three P's of Total Investment Management" (Lo, 1999): prices, probabilities, and preferences. The three P's have originated from one of the most fundamental and vital estimates of modern economics, the rationale of supply and demand. This precept submits that the price of any goods and the quantity sold are fixed by the intersection of supply and demand arcs. The intersection of these two arcs influences "equilibrium" comprising the pair of price-quantity which might satisfy both the user and the producer at the same time. How or why do markets fail Several reasons can be attached to this question. But the simplest reason is the heterogeneity of the investors which breaks down and the every capitalist starts to act in harmony which leads to either extreme optimism which is greed or pessimism which is fear. The teachings of social psychology are that people like to imitate one another thus giving weightage when being in group rather than to individual's own reflections.

Section 37 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Essay

Section 37 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 - Essay Example The HSWA 1974 is divided into four key parts, and it is also divided into various sections. Part one of the Act focuses on the Health &Safety Commission and Executive, the general duties of the act, enforcement and penalties, codes of practice, and the power of making regulations. The second part of the act deals with the establishment of the employment medical advisory service. Part three on the other hand does the relations of the act to the building regulations. Finally, the forth part of the act does the coverage of other general issues and various amendments (Bennett 2012, p. 102).The 37th section of this legislation covers prosecution of managers/ directors, which is the main focus of this essay. The essay seeks to discuss the development of section 37 of the legislation analyzing the circumstance under which it operates. It also seeks to take considerations if the use of the legislation gives an effective mechanism for imposing secondary liability. Section 37(1) of the 1974 Ac t gives directives for the prosecution of managers/ directors. Section 37 of the HSWA States that in case a health and safety harm occurs to employees with the consent or connivance of a manager or director, then the manager or director together with the organization should be prosecuted under this particular section of the HSWA Act (Lofstedt 2011, p. 73). The section directs that employers should ensure that the safety and health of their employees is not affected by the work they do. Once the workers are affected by the kind of work they do in an industry in terms of their health and safety, then the act stipulates that the managers or directors be prosecuted. The act also tends to cover the employees’ duties at the work place. Employees in their duties at the work place are expected to take much care for good of their own safety and health and that of others who may be at risk of being affected by their acts. Employees are also expected to co-operate with their employers a nd other people at their work places when they are carrying out their statutory obligations (Lofstedt 2011, p. 73). The Health and Safety at Work act of 1974 provides that every organization or industry should have clearly stipulated health and safety policy if it has employed five and above employees. The organizations are also required to carry out assessments on their workers, partners, customers, and any other individual who may be at risk of being affected by the activities carried out by the organizations. The act also requires the organizations to have full access to health and safety advice that is competent. This is for the protection of its people or the staff members who may be affected by the activities carried out by the organization in terms of health and safety (Lofstedt 2011, p. 73). The HSWA act works alongside other regulations and Legislations in protection of health and safety of the workers. The Factories Act of 1961 and the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises A ct of 1963 are examples of Legislations that work alongside the HSWA act of 1974. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations of 1994, and the Health and Safety Regulations of 1992 are among the regulations that are operated together with the HSWA act of 1974 (Smith, 1998). In its other provisions, the act requires that employers have a working environment that is safe in operation and maintenance to avoid any harm related to health and saf

Macro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro economics - Essay Example It categorically defined employee and enables the Federal government to enforce acceptable means necessary to promote employment for economic stability (McConnell and Brue 214). These statues as well as other directives from the government are factors that shape a country’s fiscal policy. Prior to the Great Depression, national government intervention was limited to foreign policy and national defense. Most of fiscal policies are determined in state levels of government who had ample discretion in the formation of their own guidelines. Economists often refer to another important factor in the determination of economic dynamics in the form of political influence as a major factor in the federal budget. When there is unsupervised spending by politicians into particular interests groups then this could lead to exhaustive government expenditure relative to the tax revenues and leads to federal budget deficits (Boyes and Melvin 248). Staggering budget deficits is a major problem fo r any economy that brings imbalance to the entire system and impedes growth bringing adverse effects to members of a country’s population. There are two broad categories of fiscal tools as enumerated by McEachern as automatic stabilizers and discretionary. The first are programs that regulate the economy by stabilizing disposable income through the real GDP and consumption. The best example of an automatic stabilizer is income tax which automatically modifies the disposable income of an individual. The second is a direct manipulation by the government to encourage its macroeconomic objectives including full employment, growth and price stability. They may differ in the length of execution and as to... This paper discusses such important macroeconomic concepts as business cycles, fiscal policy and fiscal tools. Business cycle is essentially the rise and decline of economic activity. There is no specific or clear-cut span of time that determines a business cycle and the same may range for several years. There are four phases of the business cycle that comprises of peak, recession, trough and recovery A widely used measurement of output is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country which sees peaks and lows The occurrence of business cycles and its concurrent effect on increasing unemployment and inflation prevents economic growth.The mandate of a country to influence economic activity is the central purpose of fiscal policy. Macroeconomic theories are utilized in the formulation of the scope and limitations of fiscal policy. An example of a direct reaction of the government founded on fiscal policy is the Employment Act of 1946 when unemployment became a major problem after World War II. Prior to the Great Depression, national government intervention was limited to foreign policy and national defense. There are two broad categories of fiscal tools as enumerated by McEachern as automatic stabilizers and discretionary The first are programs that regulate the economy by stabilizing disposable income through the real GDP and consumption. The second is a direct manipulation by the government to encourage its macroeconomic objectives including full employment, growth and price stability. The 2009 stimulus plan implemented by President Obama is a good example of a discretionary fiscal tool adopted by the U.S. Government

A Revolutionary Road | Analysis

A Revolutionary Road | Analysis In a society that promotes conformity it is hard enough to come to find oneself as an individual and to find your own identity. In a society that sucks the best out of our personality. Maintaining your own identity has little chance when being around a false image of affluence. This place is known as the suburbs. The ideas of deception pulled in a lot of people that were raised around nice families that only had the American Dream in their mind. In Revolutionary Road, by Richard Yates, Frank and April Wheeler are sucked into suburbia with the dream of raising their two kids in a safe and comfortable area. But, as the two quickly find out, suburbia is not all its cracked up to be. Soon, suburbia and the complimentary standard gender role poses a problem for the couple as their relationship begins to deteriorate over time. But, in order to understand the situation, you must first understand the times. The suburbs were created as an escape from the hectic and, sometimes, dangerous life in the city. As time went on, the suburbs became known as a middles class paradise with ties to a nearby big city. Along with the suburbs came the stereotypical suburban family. The father was the head of the family while his wife was completely under his rule. Her main job was to take care of the kids and cook for the tired man when he got home. This family was supposed to have everything together and be the picture perfect example of the achievement of the American Dream. This stereotypical view of the suburbs created a strong misconception that attracted many families to the area and created a place void of individualism. The fantasy of the American Dream in the 1950s formed a naive view of suburban life and its equivalent standard gender roles and rigid view of the ideal family structure. The American Dream in the 1950s produced an idealistic view of life in the suburbs. In Dwight D. Eisenhowers State of the Union address in 1954, he describes what is the beginning of suburbia when he says, The details of a program to enlarge and improve the opportunities for our people to acquire good homes will be presented to the Congress by special message on January 25. This program will include: Modernization of the home mortgage insurance program of the Federal Government (Eisenhower). This place, as endorsed by one of the most popular presidents of all time, was sugar-coated from its inception. When Eisenhower spoke, people listened. When he endorses a housing development that will improve the opportunities for anyone living there that can help them achieve the American Dream, the public was willing to jump on the bandwagon in a moments notice. So began the false advertisement of the suburbs that ensnared so many families with good intentions of bringing up a beautiful family in a place that was supposed to ease them along the way. In an article about the history of American families, the author describes how people derived their beliefs on the typical suburban family by saying, The Leave It to Beaver ideal of breadwinner father, full-time homemaker mother and dependent children was a fiction of the 1950s, she shows. Real families of that period were rife with conflict, repression and anxiety, frequently poor and much less idyllic than many assume; teen pregnancy rates in the 50s were higher than today (The Way). The false impression that a popular television show had on 1950s society contributed to the even greater fallacy that all suburban families had everything together. The reality is that the suburbs was a place stricken with the same basic problems that everyone else had and maybe even more. Many families were under the impression that everything was going fine because they had all the elements of a traditional suburban family: a breadwinning dad, a stay-at-home mom, and servile children. But, simply being able to claim these things does not make a family tantamount to the perfect family that they are perceived to be as evidenced by the conflict, repression, and anxiety. In Richard Portons article on the American Dream and the suburban nightmare, he describes the delusion that many families drowned in when he argues, Lewis Mumford maintained that the suburb served as an asylum for the preservation of illusion. He fumed that suburbia was not merely a child-centered environment; it was based on a childish view of the world' (Porton). Since the suburbs were associated with prosperity and happiness, they also became linked to the American Dream. When families entered this suburban paradise they immediately became seduced by the lore and awe of finally achieving that dream. Unfortunately, many never came out of that dream and continued to be deceived by this fantasy land that was almost juvenile at times. It is easy, now, to be o n the outside looking in and wonder how they fail to see that things crashing down around them. But since they were so deeply rooted in their dream world, it seemed that everything was going perfectly when, in reality, their personal life was a disaster. The American Dream provided the fuel that led to the conflagration that was the impractical view of suburbia. The American Dream in the suburbs formed absurd family roles that were usually stereotypical. In an article about the role of women in the 1950s, the author explains, Women who spent too much time outside the home, social commentators were quick to warn, were endangering their families, neglecting their husbands and especially their children. Life magazine, in a special issue devoted to the American woman, deplored the changing roles of married couples and placed most of the blame on the increasingly aggressive wife (Womens Roles). The fact that women had to be regulated shows how they were mistreated and forced to fit into a role that no one could be completely happy with. A woman who wanted pursue a career was viewed as overaggressive and held responsible for the breakdown of the family. Women were expected to sacrifice themselves for the family and become stay-at-home mothers all because that is what American society says a perfect mother should do. In the same article, the author says, The belief in a womans destined social role was reinforced by the popular media of the dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The magazines of the time were filled with images of dedicated housewives whose only pleasures were that their families were satisfied and their chores made easier (Womens Roles). From the start, women never really had a chance to become what they wanted or pursue a career. From an early age, it was drilled into them that they would become a mother and that they would look to their husband to bring home the bread and make important decisions. The American Dream stripped women of their ability to overcome the status quo by sending a relentless message that their purpose in life was to become a housewife and nothing more or less. In another article about the plight of the 1950s woman, the author says, When women started complaining of boredom, society invented the sowing and quilt making clubs. They would do anything to please their men because their life depended on them s o much. To disagree with her husband would have been the gravest of all errors. The men had almost total control over their wives (A Womans Role). Women who tried to establish themselves as an individual and stand up against societys twisted view of what a suburban family should look like were repeatedly shoved back into their rightful place. When women started getting out of line, men were quick to invent something to occupy their time and get their minds back on their tasks. Disagreeing with the man was an unforgiveable mistake that could have negative consequences in the future. In spite of their will to change, efforts to change the system were kept at bay by the scheming man who did not want to see his power diminished by a lowly, rebellious wife. Overall, the American Dream shaped an unjust role for women in suburban society. In Revolutionary Road, the foolish quest for the American Dream creates an unbalanced family with identity problems and, quite often, complete subjugation. As Frank finally convinces April that having an abortion would be a terrible mistake, she cries in his arms as he proudly thinks, And it seemed to him now that no single moment of his life had ever contained a better proof of manhood than that, if any proof were needed: holding that tamed, submissive girl and saying, Oh, my lovely; oh, my lovely, while she promised she would bear his child (Yates 52). The head of the family in the ideal suburban household was the father. This father was supposed to have everything in complete control and solve every problem that crossed his family. By conquering his wifes emotions and desires, Frank establishes himself as the rightful head of the family because that is what he thinks he is supposed to do. His actions were influenced by the ridiculous thinking of that time period and not because he truly believes that was how he should have handled the situation. When Frank tries to diagnose Aprils problems, he rants on and on about a story of a girl who wished to be a boy and says, I think we can assume, though, he said, just on the basis of common sense, that if the most little girls do have this thing about wanting to be boys, they probably get over it in time by observing and admiring and wanting to emulate their mothers- I mean you know, attract a man, establish a home, have children and so on' (Yates 245). Franks ignorant comments show the fallacy in the thinking of the 1950s. He says that their goal in life was to attract men and bear their children. Franks comments show the misunderstanding of suburban families because it is hard to believe that someones lifelong goals would be that shallow and without any other ambitions. Women probably wanted more than that but were sucked into believing that that was all they should want which eliminated them as an individual and l ed them to be controlled by men. After a fight with April, Frank leaves to go do yard work and thinks to himself, Even so, once the first puffing and dizziness was over, he began to like the muscular pull and the sweat of it, and the smell of the earth. At least it was a mans work. At least, squatting to rest on the wooded slope, he could look down and see his house the way a house ought to look on a fine spring day, safe on its carpet of green, the frail white sanctuary of a mans love, a mans wife and children (Yates 47). Under the influence of suburban folklore, Frank feels that he needs to establish his identity as a man by physically exerting himself and doing something that no woman could do. The sweat on his brow and the strain of a good days work are what make Frank feel like a man all because someone said that was how a man should act and how a man should feel. The immense workload gives Frank a feeling of masculinity that no woman can give him. Instead of solving his proble ms with April, he decides to do what a man was supposed to do in that situation instead of the right thinking to do. By and large, the ideal suburban family was so heavily influenced by the American Dream that they failed to find themselves and, instead, fell into a general role that they did not belong nor function well in. In Revolutionary Road, the American Dream has also created a warped and impractical view in the minds of suburban families. When April tries to convince Frank to move to Paris, she tries to pry him from his suburban way of thinking by arguing, Because you see I happen to think this is unrealistic. I think its unrealistic for a man with a fine mind to go on working like a dog year after year at a job he cant stand, coming home to a house he cant stand in a place he cant stand either, to a wife whos equally unable to stand the same things, living among a bunch of frightened little my God, Frank, I dont have to tell you whats wrong with this environment Im practically quoting you. Just last night when the Campbells were here, remember what you said about the whole idea of suburbia being to keep reality at bay? You said everybody wanted to bring up their children in a bath of sentimentality. You said - (Yates 115). At this point, April finally sees the lies that they were sucked into when they first bought a home in the suburbs. She is trying to convince Frank who, although he has realized the same lies, is still having trouble letting go of a doctrine that he has held fast to for so long. She realizes that what she and Frank have been experiencing in the past few years is not reality and that they need to find a way to break free and Paris would be a great place to do so. In the same instance, April goes further to say, Thats how we both got committed to this enormous delusion- because thats what it is, an enormous, obscene delusion- this idea that people have to resign from real life and settle down when they have families. Its the great sentimental lie of the suburbs, and Ive been making you subscribe to it all this time (Yates 117). April continues to elaborate on the lies that were told to the couple when they entered the fabled suburbia. When they first got there, they were led to believe that starting a family was the end to real life. The whole time they had been living a lie that neither of them was willing to admit which caused a loss in crucial years of their lives that could have been spent establishing their family as a unique tight-knit group that was not influenced by the ignorance of the time period. When Frank and April go on a walk with John Givings, he fumes on and on about the self-deception of suburbia and the failures of society by stating, Its as if everybodyd made this tacit agreement to live in a state of total self-deception. The hell with reality! Lets have a whole bunch of cute little winding roads and cute little houses painted white and pink and baby blue; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and if old reality ever does pop out and say Boo well all get busy and pretend it never happened (Yates 68-69). John hits the nail on the head when he describes the fantasy that the people of the 1950s live in. He describes suburbia as a flowery place where everything looks t he same and everyone lives far away from reality. When confronted with reality, they act as if it never occurred and go back to the dream that they never want to wake up from never mind the fact that it is destroying them as a person. The American Dream in their lives has distorted their take on reality and led to them to believe that their way of life is real. By listening to the lies of the American Dream, suburban families were deceived into creating a dream world away from bona fide life that the rest of the world had to face every day. The desire for the American Dream in the mid-1900s created an immature outlook on suburban life and its corresponding gender roles and unyielding doctrine of the perfect family. Ever since its creation, suburbia has been sugarcoated to please potential home buyers and consequentially ensnared many families during the 1950s through its bold but enticing lies and the twisted view on what a real American family should look like. It produced absurd roles for a family that made it hard to function properly and took advantage of the wife by forcing her to subject to her husband. Furthermore, the suburbs distracted its residents from real life by giving them a false euphoria that rarely lasted long. Finally, it made many people give up their dreams and sacrifice their individuality in order to conform to its views. Its never beneficial to give up your identity which is why so many families have suffered and continue to suffer even today. Rather, it is always best to preserve the individual inside rather than change your beliefs and morals to fit society. Posttramatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Effects Posttramatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Effects A War Without End:  The Struggle of Posttramatic Stress Disorder Abstract This analysis is divided into two major parts. The first portion is dedicated to describing  posttramatic stress disorder, as well as the stress response and its contribution to developing PTSD. Along with describing PTSD is a reaction to a Frontline Documentary on veterans struggling with the  disorder. The second portion is an analysis of a personal friend that is currently undergoing treatment  for PTSD. Though the information of his treatment is true, information about his identity or personal  life will be altered. Part I. The issue of PTSD has gained a lot of attention with the United States fourteen year endeavor in  the middle east. The number of veterans returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan with PTSD is quite  staggering. To better understand PTSD it is important to look at stress and trauma, and how these two  mechanisms manifest. Their manifestation is crucial to our understanding of PTSD. Stress Stress can best be exemplified as our natural physiological response to a treat. To say that stress  itself is a bad thing would imply that our survival is bad. The stress response is what has allowed our  species to adapt and reach our current status. So what is the stress response? It all starts at the hypothalamus which sits dorsal to the limbic system, the system that is  responsible for our stress response. The hypothalamus than triggers our endocrine system by relaying  electrical signals to the pituitary gland, also know as the master gland of the endocrine system. When  the stimulation of the pituitary is that of a perceived threat, adrenocorticotropic hormone is released  stimulating the adrenal glands (Cohen, 2013). The adrenal cortex responds by releasing cortisol, and  the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine. Cortisol is responsible for raising glucose levels by  stimulating the release of stored glycogen in the liver. Epinephrines response is what raises heart rate,  dilates blood vessels, and prepares us for the situation that of which caused the initial reaction. All of  what falls under this description of stress results from the sympathetic nervous system, and its effect on  what is known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA) axes (Siegel, et al. 2005). Trauma When people experience a traumatic event, in more cases than not, they attach an emotional  response to said event. Looking at traumas long term effects, we see that these responses can be acted  out through unpredictable behavior/emotion, flashbacks, unstable relationships, and even physical  pains (APA, 2013). Trauma can affect anyone at any age, and can result from events such as rape,  abuse, and as it is most prevalent to this topic, combat. When someone suffers from trauma, a nonthreatening  event can set off a stress response if triggered in some way (Comer, 2014). PTSD In a simplified explanation of posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD could be seen as an over  active stress response that follows a traumatic, or series of traumatic events. As is common with those  who see combat or the gruesome consequences of combat, PTSD has left psychological scars on the  veterans who return home after serving. A 2005 Frontline documentary depicted PTSD in a way that was both informative and  emotional. One point that stood out about the documentary was the culture of military life, especially in  the army and marines. The culture is basically this; Being violent and reactive is very much  encouraged, showing empathy is weakness, disobeying an order is cowardice, and showing signs of  psychological issues is as cowardice as it is weak. Because of this disturbing belief system it is really  not a topic to stay politically correct on. Let us start with the fact that violence and reactivity are  considered virtues of a soldier. Finding a peaceful resolution has never resulted from fighting fire with  fire. Attempts to find peace are crushed by the surge of reaction (Martin Luther King Jr., 1965), and for  a very obvious reason. When someone is reactive in a situation that does not readily call for it, more  times than not mistakes are made. In the case of Rob, this issue came center stage when he opened fire  on a civilian women after hearing reports of suicide bombers. She fell with a white flag in her hand  (Frontline, 2005). It is not Robs fault that this civilian died, but rather a consequence of war. He felt  that the threat of a suicide bombing was approaching, and instinctively tried to preserve his life, and the  men he fought along side. When he began to struggle with the event, the men around him labeled him a  coward. Robs story is not uncommon for those who have fought in this war. Turning to a soldier by the  name of Jeff, we see the consequences of not seeking help after a traumatic event. According to the  Frontline documentary, Jeff told his family of a haunting memory which seems to depict the  consequece of blindly following orders. Jeff was commanded to execute two unarmed prisoners of  war, and his obedience cost him his sanity. Jeffs mental decline was shown through his abuse and  excessive use of alcohol (Frontline, 2005). Jeff committed suicide roughly about a year after serving,  which alcohol could be seen as a contributing factor. The experiences of those interviewed in the Frontline Documentary provided great insight in  terms of PTSD, and with this insight the signs and symptoms can easily be spotted. With this  information a brief diagnostic assessment will be attempted, and as stated earlier, some of the  information about this particular individual has been altered. Part II. Background John is a white male in his mid-twenties. He was released from active duty in the Army July,  2013. John has been receiving psychiatric care for PTSD for a year and a half, and he claims that he has  been improving. His psychiatrist has him undergoing drug treatment to help with the symptoms. As is  common with those suffering from PTSD, John takes Lithium to help with his anxiety and feelings of  depression attributed to stress. As an adolescent John was diagnosed with ADHD, and had been  prescribed Adderall up until 10th grade. He has been back on Adderall for the past six month to help  with concentration, and also for the anti-anxiety benefits of taking a low dose stimulant. Behavior John is rather evasive when talking about his time in Afghanistan. When asked about his  experience, John seems to steer the conversation towards boot camp, seemingly as an attempt to keep  his mind off of his duty served in Afghanistan. The only thing that could be confirmed is that John had  seen combat on a number of occasions. At times his speech seems disorganized and forced. He looses  attention during conversation quite often, and has trouble holding eye contact. When John initially  returned to civilian status he began using methamphetamines for a short duration before seeking help.   John has also been trying to limit his consumption of alcohol since being releaved of duty, and though  he has stopped drinking every night, his troubles with alcohol have persisted. Summary Johns behaviors that of which can be observed fall in line with most of the behaviors of those  mentioned earlier in the Frontline Documentary. Drug abuse has been the most prevalent issue in Johns  life after serving, but he has shown signs of progress with his current treatment plan. References Comer, R. J. (2014). Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers.  Revised July 2014 Fulton, Germer, Siegel. (2005). Mindfulness and psychotherapy. New York: The Guilford Press. Cohen, B. J. (2013). The human body in health and disease. 12th Edition. Baltimore, MD:  Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Aronson, Raney (2014) A Soldier’s Heart [Video]. Retrieved February 2015 from  http://www/pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heart/view King, M. L. (1965). The three evils of society. (Speech). Retrieved from  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8d-IYSM-08

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Capital Punishment Many positions can be defended when debating the issue of capital punishment. In Jonathan Glover's essay "Executions," he maintains that there are three views that a person may have in regard to capital punishment: the retributivist, the absolutist, and the utilitarian. Although Glover recognizes that both statistical and intuitive evidence cannot validate the benefits of capital punishment, he can be considered a utilitarian because he believes that social usefulness is the only way to justify it. Martin Perlmutter on the other hand, maintains the retributivist view of capital punishment, which states that a murderer deserves to be punished because of a conscious decision to break the law with knowledge of the consequences. He even goes as far to claim that just as a winner of a contest has a right to a prize, a murderer has a right to be executed. Despite the fact that retributivism is not a position that I maintain, I agree with Perlmutter in his claim that social u tility cannot be used to settle the debate about capital punishment. At the same time, I do not believe that retributivism justifies the death penalty either. In Martin Perlmutter's essay "Desert and Capital Punishment," he attempts to illustrate that social utility is a poor method of evaluating the legitimacy of it. Perlmutter claims that a punishment must be "backward looking," meaning that it is based on a past wrongdoing. A utilitarian justification of capital punishment strays from the definition of the term "punishment" because it is "forward looking." An argument for social utility maintains that the death penalty should result in a greater good and the consequences must outweigh the harm, thereby increasing overall happiness in the world. Perlmutter recognizes the three potential benefits of a punishment as the rehabilitation of an offender, protection for other possible victims, and deterring other people from committing the same crime. The death penalty however, obviously does not rehabilitate a victim nor does it do a better job at protecting other potential victims than life impriso nment. Since a punishment must inflict harm on an individual, deterrence is the only argument that utilitarians can use to defend the death penalty. The question then ari... ...able to murder someone because twelve rational people in a courtroom decided that it should be so? By the same token, a murderer can claim that their victim had violated their rights and did not deserve to live. Obviously that cannot be rationalized in any manner. No matter from what perspective it is viewed, capital punishment is murdering another human being. Even if a law is broken and the person has made the world a worse place to live, killing someone else can never be justified, especially by measuring its social utility. The world would be a better place if many people did not exist, but it would not be legitimate to exterminate everyone who does not increase the happiness in the world. Social utility cannot justify the existence of capital punishment, nor can it be used as rationale to reject it. Retributivism fails as well because the death penalty may be regarded as cruel and unusual punishment. Absolutism seems to be the only school of thought that cannot be logically dismantled. No evidence exists that would demonstrate the benefits of capital punishment and statistically the only thing that is accomplished is another death in society.

Motivation affects learning

IntroductionMotivating employees in an organization means helping them perform their work, compensating them for their labors, and solving problems that arise. Consequently, human resource management plays a central role in this especially since they are responsible for how people are treated in their own unique kind of organization. Effective managers are concerned about their employees.It has been revealed that by applying techniques to motivation and training, people will be inspired to examine the incentive and recognition programs. These programs can improve employees’ life. This way, proper reporting is done and the staff are not disillusioned. Managers provide reward programs promptly. It states that â€Å"When training is linked to a reward program, employees are motivated to absorb the content, and that translates it into improved performance. This paper looks into the different ways of motivation especially in the organizational aspects so that learning is facilitat ed and hastened.Gellerman (1992) defines motivation as the â€Å"art of helping people to focus their minds and energies on doing their work as effectively as possible.† The task is to motivate everyone, at all times, through every possible technique or approach available and apt for the situations. They need to enjoy themselves in the process. There are many questions that have to be answered, such as who are the people, what are their job tasks, how do they get paid, with whom do they work? Because of these varied and ever-changing elements in motivation, this is not a simple or easy task†.   The difficulty is that all people are different from one another in many ways; hence what might motivate one person does not necessarily work for another person – different strokes for different folks.Effects of Good Relations with EmployeesGood motivational techniques with the employees result in good service of the company because the employees feel good and satisfied and they deliver their service better than those who are not contented with their jobs.  By providing good human relations with the employees, they will be highly satisfied and they will be more productive.  The management that provides opportunities for the employees to grow and develop will be more successful as the employees will be challenged to do better.Employees can also feel their value when they are motivated accordingly and when they are given programs that would make them feel they deserve the job responsibility.  As a result, the workers will support the management more and in the end everybody benefits, the employees develop their potentials and gain high job satisfaction giving the management less problems and a higher productivity turnover, and in due course the business thrives. As part of your â€Å"welcome to our fastfoods business,† find out what their dreams  Ã‚   are, how they think that business should work for the customers, what they hate, and what they like. Ask how they have used technology in the past.The entrepreneur’s perception on subordinates will greatly affect decisions between the two dimensions they are going to emphasize. If they assume that their people are responsible and capable, there would be less control and leaders would put more reliance on their people. Otherwise there would be a large amount of control on their workers.   But more than the well-established organizational design and properly selected leadership style, Beer emphasized the importance of people because without the capabilities of these people, the goal of effective organization would be difficult to attain, or worse, would never be reached (Beer, Michael).Organizational behavior’s emphasis on people makes the management understand their employees more and make them committed in pursuing a common organizational goal of productivity and effectiveness. One of the strategies in building the performance of a worker is through motivation. People who are satisfied with their job are motivated to be more productive. In order for the manager to effectively motivate his employees, he must have knowledge on what determines their motivation.Again, under the principle of cause and effect, and the studies on the behavior of organization, an effective leader could formulate a motivation technique that would fit into the needs of the workers and encourage them to be more productive. Understanding what moves workers to work more productively would make the decision of the leaders in coming up with a motivational technique more acceptable to the workers and in turn would give favorable results for the whole organization.Businesses continue to succeed because of the value it places in their service and the clients.  However, without its human resources, no one will be able to deliver its service.  No technology can take the place of human resources.  The employees are the most important resource in any way.  H umans can adapt and improve, be taught and learn.  Technology will always be mere tools of humans, either using it to improve himself or to destroy himself.Good management see their employees grow in the company and as persons of their own rights.  They see them highly motivated to â€Å"achieve their goals, gain positive perspective, have that power to change, build self esteem and capacity, manage their own development and help others with theirs.† (Goleman, 2005) Moreover, they appreciate the value of building a climate of honesty, openness and trust; understand what they want from work so they can be aligned with each other in terms of expectations and aspirations; encouraging others  to do well and complimenting those who perform well and who work at best in an effective organization. (Goleman, 2005)Importance of Employee Motivation and TrainingPeople experience failure in one way or another. But if there is a positive consistency in one’s life (that is, if one consistently learns from his mistakes and mature through them to bring harmony and balance in his life), one can, for the most part, avoid repeating the same mistakes. Time is the vehicle that allows one to make course corrections, and time allows him to recover and improve. High achievers will see the future as an endless opportunity because of all they can learn and accomplish – rather than seeing doom and disaster because of missed opportunities and   â€Å"what might have been† in the past.Things are clarified and the process is checked if well understood. People are not left clueless about how things need to be done. Clearly, if the process is well understood, it stands a chance of being described and automated. A chain of reactions and influences causes a very fast ripple effect and things are controlled early on especially if it is in connection with rumor mills. But, whether it is rumors racing through the company at warp speed or a change in how people r elate to each other after reorganization, one cannot help but be conscious of the effect. What is important is that things are communication well to everyone (Cheese and Thomas 2003).Based on research on entrepreneurial and diversified businesses successful firms have competitive markets that have fast, high-quality, and widely supported strategic decision making processes.   Indeed, the remarkable success of high performance teams is not the result of luck. It is the predictable outcome of intense concentration on values, proper motivation and strategies on cultivating what the German writer Goethe called â€Å"the genius, power and magic† in ourselves.We have been burdening managers for years with an impossible task, telling them they ought to motivate others single-handedly, when the most a manager can do for others is to jump-start them – inspire them. Real motivation catches internally, after the mission is clear. Peak performers draw productivity from deeper re serves that are inexhaustible – from the sources of motivation. You can tell people to value excellence. You can insist that they increase their productivity. You can emphasize the need for changing their behavior. You can attempt to train people and motivate them to upgrade their job skills and increase their effectiveness. But until an individual makes a personal commitment to achieving peak performance or makes that internal decision to excel, nothing much will happen (McClelland, D. 1955).REFERENCESBeer, Michael. â€Å"Organizational Behavior and Development.† (n.d.) Retrieved Jan. 13, 2007 at

Literary Analysis Ransom of Red Chief Essay Example

Literary Analysis Ransom of Red Chief Essay Example Literary Analysis Ransom of Red Chief Essay Literary Analysis Ransom of Red Chief Essay What is the outcome of a scheme devised by two desperate men in need of money? The outcome can be just preposterous, as in the comical short story â€Å"The Ransom of Red Chief† by O. Henry. In this story, Sam and Bill are two-bit con men who need money to pull off a scheme. The con men are faced with unexpected obstacles that cause them to take extreme measures to obtain what they want. The author uses literary devices such as figurative language, allusions, and irony to create a humorous and amusing tale. One literary technique the author uses throughout the story to illustrate comedy is figurative language. This paints vivid pictures for the reader on what is occurring in essential scenes. Bill said, â€Å"the boy put up a fight like a welter-weight cinnamon bear.†(pg.) This is a humorous simile that gives the reader a clear picture of a small boy putting such a struggle that he resembles a professional fighter. This simile also refers to a red colored bear of North America that is wild and ferocious. The combination illustrates quite a fight. Also, when Johnny asks to keep on playing a â€Å"look comes† into Bill’s eyes â€Å"like a rabbit’s when you catch it in a trap† (pg.55) This illustrates how poor Bill feels about having to play with Johnny again. The continued belittling and badgering by the boy and the surrender that Bill feels are expounded upon when the boy speaks.The dialect and language used in the text provide humor and exaggeration to the actions and tone of the characters. Furthermore, another way the author establishes humor is through the utilization of allusions. The ideas and emotions created by allusions contribute to what the author is conveying. When Bill recuperates from Johnnys assault with the slingshot, Bill states that his â€Å"favorite Biblical character is â€Å"King Herod† (pg.53).This allusion is a reference to King Herod, who once ordered the deaths of all boys under the age of two. This offers the re

Absolute and Relative Error Calculation

Absolute and Relative Error Calculation Absolute error and relative error are two types of experimental error. Youll need to calculate both types of error in science, so its good to understand the difference between them and how to calculate them. Absolute Error Absolute error is a measure of how far off a measurement is from a true value or an indication of the uncertainty in a measurement. For example, if you measure the width of a book using a ruler with millimeter marks, the best you can do is measure the width of the book to the nearest millimeter. You measure the book and find it to be 75 mm. You report the absolute error in the measurement as 75 mm /- 1 mm. The absolute error is 1 mm. Note that absolute error is reported in the same units as the measurement. Alternatively, you may have a known or calculated value and you want to use absolute error to express how close your measurement is to the ideal value. Here absolute error is expressed as the difference between the expected and actual values. Absolute Error Actual Value - Measured Value For example, if you know a procedure is supposed to yield 1.0 liters of solution and you obtain 0.9 liters of solution, your absolute error is 1.0 - 0.9 0.1 liters. Relative Error You first need to determine absolute error to calculate relative error.  Relative error expresses how large the absolute error is compared with the total size of the object you are measuring. Relative error is expressed as a fraction or is multiplied by 100 and expressed as  a percent. Relative Error Absolute Error / Known Value For example, a drivers speedometer says his car is going 60 miles per hour (mph) when its actually going 62 mph. The absolute error of his speedometer is 62 mph - 60 mph 2 mph. The relative error of the measurement is 2 mph / 60 mph 0.033 or 3.3%

Target Audience & Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Target Audience & Competition - Essay Example Maslow’s Theory of Needs and its Application to Marketing In case where an individual worker like for example needs more money for meeting his needs it is obvious that he needs to work harder for doing so. According to Maslow there are physiological, safety and security, social, esteem and self-actualization needs that happen to be really important (Adair, 1996). By putting in the hard work the individual can try to meet his need and later can also put in the necessary effort and time to win the desired reward. Here we can also use the Expectancy theory where an individual worker puts in efforts to adjust his personal motivational levels to that of her or his colleagues. Maslow's hierarchy of needs identify five basic areas of needs that most humans experience. First is the physiological or the basic life survival needs then comes the safety and security need after that is the social need that includes belongingness and love after which comes the self-esteem and the fifth need is the self-actualization. Maslow found out that a person moves form one need to another after he has met a need. Like if he meets the needs at level one, then he moves toward the next, and then the next and so on. Maslow found out that decision making and human behaviour are motivated by one of any five need levels in the hierarchy model he presented. If we apply these needs to the marketing theory it will not be wrong to say that the marketers by effectively appealing to one of the motivational drivers can be really successful. The social and self esteem needs can be fulfilled by the marketers by using strong marketing campaigns and building a strong brand image. People are in search of recognition so if marketers fulfil this need they can always make good profit out of their businesses. Maslow's fundamental principles link marketing and human psychology. It is important for the marketer to find out the level of need which the customer is looking to meet, and then market the prod uct in a way that convinces him that he particular need will be fulfilled like that. Performing periodic evaluations of the marketing techniques as the target audience are not likely to stay static is very important. It is very important for the marketers to be aware of the place where Maslow's hierarchy of needs of the customer base is and the place where the product fits in. By paying more attention to this marketing can be more effective. Stages of the Consumer Behaviour Model and its Application to Marketing Researchers have proven that that motivation factors play a significant role in stages of purchasing process and possess positive influence on the internal factors that is the information search, alternatives evaluation, and post purchasing and purchasing. All these internal factors can have an impact on each other in positive direction and are strongly correlated. Consumer happens to be one of the very significant and complicated units of the marketing system. As many exter nal and internal factors impact consumer behaviour within this system, the measuring and evaluating of purchasing process proves to be comparatively difficult. Consumer behaviour is not as straightforward as the purchasing of a service or product by paying its price but at the same time it is a procedure that has post-purchasing dimensions. Understanding of the consumer behaviour in all the stage of consumer behaviour model that consist of recognising the problem, searching the information, evaluating the alternatives, purchasing and also

Explain the role of management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Explain the role of management - Essay Example Managers look specifically at the individual's performance at any one time while leaders look at a team and their future prospects (Maundy, 2001) Managers within an organization do the planning for most of the sectors such as policy formulation, financial, marketing of products, and control of major assets. They also exercise their power on any issue arising such as the decision making processes. The leaders in an organization are responsible for building the large workforce and human resources within the company. These leaders also inspire, innovate, mentor, set examples, and revolutionize all the employees within the organization in order to achieve the best from them and also achieve the organization goals and objectives. (Maundy, 2001) The first function is planning-it can be defined as the process of developing the objectives and mission of the organization. A manager must also organize-this involves coordinating and dividing tasks among members of the organization. Here, the manager assigns responsibilities to team members. Staffing is another managerial function and can be defined as the filling and maintaining of all the positions available in a company. Some of the activities involved in this function include: recruiting, training, hiring, evaluation and compensation. Managers are also expected to control members of staff. This involves measuring performances, setting performance standards and taking corrective or preventive measures to ensure that the standards set are adhered to. Communication is another vital element in management and involves the transfer of information from management down to other members of the organizational structure. Lastly, managers are expected to motivate their team members, this involves influencing or channelling people's behaviour to accomplish the missions and objectives of the organization. (Mullin, 2007) Importance of team approach in achieving organisation's goals The model below is a pictorial representation of John Adair's action centred leadership. He believed that a manger has three roles; 1) he must plan, assign, review tasks of the organisation 2) he must communicate, create a culture of ethics, hive feedback to the team 3) he must understand individuals, develop, train and recognise each individual's efforts An organisation can be viewed as a combination of two sets of workers i.e. management and subordinates. Both categories have their own goals that have to be directed towards overall goals of the organisation. It is important for management to try and align employee goals with organisational goals. This means that everyone in the organisation will be working towards the same direction. This can be achieved by creating a sense of loyalty among employees and through communication. This implies that workers will work hand in hand with management thus achieving overall goals. In contrast, if every member of the organisation focuses on their own needs and did not consider their work group as a team, resources will be drained and losses will occur. Case study Taking an example of a hospital like

Tigers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tigers - Essay Example Above the orange, the tiger is the vertical column of the white waterfall. The line of the plants underneath the Tigers do a similar transfer of colors, but they also form the vague outline of a heart, suggesting a strong bond between the animals. All of these less noticeable elements contribute to the idea of deep friendship between the two tigers that are the subject of the image. As has been discussed, there are two tigers in the image, one white and one orange. They stand on their hind legs with their forelegs wrapped around each other’s shoulders so that their bodies meet in a strong diagonal slant. Only the white tiger’s face is visible, but it almost seems as if the animal is smiling as it rests on and supports the other. This embrace is seen as friendly instead of combative because of the other elements of the image that have already been discussed.As we look at the image above, we gain a sense of strong friendship between creatures rather than competitive fight ing. The viewer is soothed and grounded by the deep greens of the background and is given a strong sense of energy and harmony by the other colors involved in the image. Stability and comfort are added to by the shapes and lines included in the background and foreground. This all contributes to the way that the subject of the image, the two tigers, is interpreted by the viewer. In the end, we understand the image to be a picture of friendship between similar but different creatures that contribute to the harmony and health of the natural world.

Liminality in Dracula Essay Example for Free

Liminality in Dracula Essay History has taught us that rebelling against your people or religion almost always results in displeasure, as the members of the community usually frown upon it. Throughout the novel Each Man’s Son by Hugh MacLennan, there are two themes which are linked to this topic of defying your origins, though never plainly affirmed: the Celtic identity and the Puritanical predestination-like values. Not conforming to these ways of life demonstrates two themes at which Archie the fighter and Ainslie the dreamer display: the attempt to foster new values will doom you to failure and resisting your religion will only let you yearn for escape but haunt you forever. This paper, will first analyze the meaning of these two themes; second show that Archie fights against the Celtic identity and that Ainslie tries to escape the Puritanical values. First, it is suitable to grasp onto these concepts with the history from the novel concerning the Celtics and the Puritans since it frames the foundational richness of the story. In Each Man’s Son the symbolic references on the history concerning the Celtic identity is manifested as â€Å"a Homeric people† in ultimate solitude, which proves to be symbolic due to the fact that it ties meaning to the Highland people as a â€Å"desperate and poetic/race of hunters, shepherds and warriors† (MacLennan 1, 2). The novel is full of richness, which provides ironic information about the people: who were found â€Å"older than France† with â€Å"no organization† (MacLennan 25-5). This characteristic given to the men of Cape Breton is highly relevant to the plot as Archie choses to literally fight the regulatory social norms of the Celtic identity when he follows his dreams to become an American boxer. In the novel, the Celtic identity is in direct conflict with Puritan values within certain characters, especially Ainslie. Presbyterians note that they â€Å"live and die under the wrath of an arbitrary God who will forgive only a handful of His elect on the Day of Judgment† (MacLennan 2). The value of the quote symbolizes an underlining view on the Puritan religion as it describes how the Calvinists must live a basic life in order to be resurrected with eternal life. In the Bible, which Puritans follow unfailingly, it is written, â€Å"you must be born from above† meaning that you must have â€Å"been chosen according to the foreknowledge of God the Father† (John 3:7, 1 Peter 1:2 NIV). Furthermore, religion takes a crowning importance in the novel as it acts as the basic yet powerful feature of the story. Numerous characters struggle to adopt their identity, namely Doctor Ainslie for he attempts to darken his religious distinctiveness. The lacing of the Celtic identity and the Puritan religion represents tension, which Archie the fighter and Ainslie the dreamer must overcome. Second, Archie is a clear example of a character who conflicts with the Celtic identity because although he is acclaimed as the â€Å"bravest man in Cape Breton†, â€Å"fierce and unpredictable†, unlike the flock of people, he was a â€Å"hero whom nobody understood and everyone admired†; unfortunately, he is also destined to fail (MacLennan 12-8-6). â€Å"Archie is a hero† with grandiose â€Å"physical strength† who was loved â€Å"because he was giving significance, even a crude beauty, to the clumsy courage they all felt in themselves† (MacLennan 19-9). Generally Celtics feel that destiny works against them; they feel that luck must have been against them. This illustrates that the repercussion of rebelling against the Celtic identity is absolutely forbidden. The Celtic character is normally condemned to a life of simplicity, total depravity and unconditional fellowship of God and as Archie ventures the unknown he distorts the norm. Animalistic Archie emphasizes that some men will â€Å"live their whole lives like oxes and cows and that he is â€Å"not one of them† this statement, in other words, means that Archie does not intend on living a reclusive life as he fully intends on going out into the world, in spite of the consequences, to create a new life for himself and his family. He had â€Å"left his home to find wider opportunities in the United States† (MacLennan 3). Ironically, as Archie attempts to make money and follow his dream of becoming a boxer he refuses to obey the Celtic norm and is doomed to fail; he is left defeated by his embedded Celtic identity. The final character, which shows prominent struggles, concerning following norms is Ainslie: the dreamer. This is due to the fact that he is resistant to his Puritan religion, which leaves him yearning for an escape from societal pressures. Quite like Archie, Ainslie is also hopeless, yet in different matters: his religion haunts him not only consciously but also unconsciously in dreams as he is disturbed by religious stories. Traditionally, Puritans live a life in profound guilt, constant criticism and austerity because they believe in predestination at which God has chosen the elect to enter heaven. Though he is living in the pressures of this community he continuously denies his belief in God however it is hard to believe that he is a nonbeliever for he continuously shows signs of religious identity. Ainslie craves for a purpose in his life, an attainable goal a dream to escape this community, yet as the novel unfolds he is left haunted forever by his religious mental state. Ironically, because of the fact that he resists his religion and yearns for an escape, he will be left him undeniably haunted forever. In summary, historical details, Archie and Ainslie in Each Man’s Son emphasize conflicts between the Celtic identity and the Puritan religion. Contrasting the two characters, I find it much more rewarding to explore who you are and discover your identity instead of fighting or denying it because then you will not become a failure or be tormented by it. Unlike Archie and Ainslie, I had opportunities to participate in accomplishments that have given me a positive understanding of my identity while I was growing up, which undeniably shaped who I am today. Works Cited MacLennan, Hugh. Each Man’s Son. Toronto: The New Canadian Library, 2003. Print. New International Version Holy Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986. Print.